German Pronouns: Complete Guide

German pronouns change based on case - just like articles. Mastering pronoun declension is essential for fluent German.

Personal Pronouns Overview

NominativAkkusativDativ
I/meichmichmir
you (informal)dudichdir
he/himerihnihm
she/hersiesieihr
itesesihm
we/uswirunsuns
you (plural)ihreucheuch
they/themsiesieihnen
you (formal)SieSieIhnen

Nominative Pronouns (Subject)

Nominative pronouns are the subject of the sentence - who does the action.

Nominativ

Ich lerne Deutsch.

I am learning German.

Nominativ

Er arbeitet in Berlin.

He works in Berlin.

Nominative is the "default" form - the one you learn first and use as the subject.

Accusative Pronouns (Direct Object)

Accusative pronouns are the direct object - what receives the action directly.

NominativAkkusativExample
ichmichEr sieht mich.
dudichIch kenne dich.
erihnSie liebt ihn.
siesieEr trifft sie.
esesIch nehme es.
wirunsEr besucht uns.
ihreuchIch sehe euch.
sie/Siesie/SieWir kennen Sie.
Akkusativ

Kannst du mich hören?

Can you hear me?

Akkusativ

Ich liebe dich.

I love you.

Pattern

ich → mich, du → dich, er → ihn. The others (sie, es, wir, ihr) stay similar or the same.

Dative Pronouns (Indirect Object)

Dative pronouns are the indirect object - who benefits from or receives something.

NominativDativExample
ichmirEr gibt mir das Buch.
dudirIch sage dir die Wahrheit.
erihmSie schreibt ihm einen Brief.
sieihrEr schenkt ihr Blumen.
esihmIch gebe ihm Wasser.
wirunsEr erzählt uns eine Geschichte.
ihreuchIch zeige euch das Haus.
sie/Sieihnen/IhnenWir danken Ihnen.
Dativ

Kannst du mir helfen?

Can you help me?

Dativ

Ich gebe dir mein Buch.

I give you my book.

Important

Many common verbs take dative objects: helfen (mir), danken (dir), gefallen (ihm), gehören (ihr), antworten (ihnen).

Accusative vs. Dative: When to Use Which?

Use AkkusativUse Dativ
Direct objectsIndirect objects (to/for whom)
After akkusativ prepositionsAfter dativ prepositions
Most transitive verbsVerbs like helfen, danken, gefallen
ihm = Dativ

Sie gibt ihm (Dat) das Buch (Akk).

She gives him the book.

In sentences with two objects, the person (indirect object) is dative, the thing (direct object) is accusative.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject. They can be accusative or dative:

SubjectReflexiv AkkReflexiv Dat
ichmichmir
dudichdir
er/sie/essichsich
wirunsuns
ihreucheuch
sie/Siesichsich
Reflexiv Akkusativ

Ich wasche mich.

I wash myself.

Reflexiv Dativ

Ich wasche mir die Hände.

I wash my hands. (lit: I wash to-me the hands)

Use accusative reflexive when the verb has no other object. Use dative reflexive when there's also a direct object (like "die Hände").

Common Reflexive Verbs

VerbMeaningExample
sich freuento be happyIch freue mich.
sich erinnernto rememberErinnerst du dich?
sich setzento sit downEr setzt sich.
sich fühlento feelWie fühlst du dich?
sich vorstellento introduce oneselfIch stelle mich vor.

Word Order with Pronouns

When you have multiple pronouns, follow this order:

Rule: Accusative before Dative (for pronouns)

Akk before Dat

Ich gebe es ihm.

I give it to him.

But with a noun + pronoun, dative pronoun comes first:

Dat pronoun before Akk noun

Ich gebe ihm das Buch.

I give him the book.

Memory Rule

Pronoun + Pronoun: Accusative first (es ihm) Pronoun + Noun: Dative pronoun first (ihm das Buch)

Quick Reference Card

PronounNomAkkDat
1st sing.ichmichmir
2nd sing.dudichdir
3rd masc.erihnihm
3rd fem.siesieihr
3rd neut.esesihm
1st plur.wirunsuns
2nd plur.ihreucheuch
3rd plur.siesieihnen
formalSieSieIhnen

Practice Pronouns

Put your pronoun knowledge to the test! Practice choosing the right case in various contexts.

Ready to practice?

Put your knowledge to the test with interactive exercises.